Brazilian banknotes 100 Mil Reis banknote of 1926 Gold Certificate

 World Paper Money - Brazil 100 Mil Reis banknote 

 Brazil 100 Mil Reis banknote - Caixa de Estabilização   

World Paper Money - Brazil banknotes 100 Mil Reis banknote of 1926, issued by the Caixa de Estabilização - Gold Certificate.
Brazilian banknotes, Cédulas Brasileiras, Brazilian paper money, Brazilian bank notes, Brazil banknotes, Brazil paper money, Brazil bank notes.

Obverse: "Reveria", engraving Sukeichi Oyama from the painting of Friedrich Paul Thumann - "The Fates".
Reverse: Old building of Caixa de Estabilização in Rio de Janeiro, currently (Mecir) Currency Management Department of Central Bank of Brazil.
Printed by American Bank Note Company, New York.

Brazilian 100 Mil Reis Bank Notes

100 Mil Reis banknote 1936 Alberto Santos-Dumont

100 Mil Reis banknote 1923 Diogo Antônio Feijó

100 Mil Reis banknote 1924 Rui Barbosa de Oliveira

100 Mil Reis banknote 1925 Afonso Pena

100 Mil Reis banknote 1926 Caxia de Estabilizacao

100 Mil Reis banknote 1906 Caixa de Conversao

100 Mil Reis banknote 1892

100 Mil Reis banknote 1932 Duke of Caxias, Sao Paulo

100 Mil Reis banknote 1932 Fernão Dias Pais, Sao Paulo

Brazilian Banknotes 500 Mil Reis banknote of 1931 Floriano Peixoto

 Brazil 500 Mil Reis banknote - Marshal Floriano Peixoto  

Cédula 500 Mil Reis Marechal Floriano Peixoto

Brazilian Banknotes 500 Mil Reis banknote 1931 issued by the Tesouro Nacional - República dos Estados Unidos do Brazil, Estampa 15

 Currency of Brazil, Brazilian banknotes, Cédulas Brasileiras, Brazilian paper money, Brazilian bank notes, Brazil banknotes, Brazil paper money, Brazil bank notes.

Obverse: Portrait of Marshal Floriano Peixoto (1839 - 1895) Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War, 1st Vice-President of Brazil (1891) and the second president of Brazil (1891 – 1894). He is often referred to as "the Consolidator of the Republic" or "The Iron Marshal".
Reverse: Coat of arms of Brazil.
Printed by American Bank Note Company, New York.

Brazilian 500 Mil Reis Bank Notes

500 Mil Reis banknote 1931 Floriano Peixoto

500 Mil Reis banknote 1925 Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva

500 Mil Reis banknote 1923 Jose Bonifacio de Andrada

500 Mil Reis banknote 1926 Caxia de Estabilizacao

500 Mil Reis banknote 1906 Caixa de Conversao

Brazil banknotes 100 Mil Reis Banknote of 1925 Afonso Pena

Banknotes of Brazil - 100 Mil Reis

BRAZIL Paper Money 20 Mil Reis -  Rio De Janeiro

Brazil banknotes 100 Mil Reis Banknote of 1925

Brazilian banknotes, Cédulas Brasileiras, Brazilian paper money, Brazilian bank notes, Brazil banknotes, Brazil paper money, Brazil bank notes.

Obverse: Portrait of Afonso Pena (1847 – 1909), Brazilian politician, served as President of Brazil between 1906 and 1909. Before his political career, Pena was a lawyer, jurist and member of the Brazilian Supreme Court.
Reverse: View of Rio De Janeiro.
Printed by American Bank Note Company, New York.

Brazil banknotes - Brazil paper money - Cédulas Brasileiras

      1 Mil Reis       2 Mil Reis       5 Mil Reis       10 Mil Reis       20 Mil Reis       50 Mil Reis       100 Mil Reis       200 Mil Reis       500 Mil Reis

Afonso Pena
Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena (30 November 1847 – 14 June 1909) was a Brazilian politician. He served as President of Brazil between 1906 and 1909. Before his political career, Pena was a lawyer, jurist and member of the Brazilian Supreme Court.
He began his political career in 1874 with an election to the Imperial General Assembly. In the succeeding years, Pena reconciled legislative work with some periods occupying secretariats — secretary of Agriculture (1882), Commerce and Public Issues (1883) and Justice (1885). Pena then presided over the provincial assembly of Minas Gerais.
After the proclamation of the Republic, he was governor of Minas Gerais between 1892 and 1894. It was during his administration that Belo Horizonte was set for the future state capital (which at that time was Ouro Preto). He ran in the presidential election of 1894, but lost by a large margin to Prudente de Morais.
In 1902 Pena became vice-president to Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves. He was elected president in 1906 and served until his death in 1909, a few days after the passing of his son Álvaro Pena.
Afonso Pena was the first Brazilian president to advocate intervening in the coffee economy. The federal government started to buy production surplus, thus maintaining the high price of coffee in international markets. Pena also promoted the expansion of railroads.
The reorganization of the Brazilian army was done by Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca during the Pena administration. The president also supported Cândido Rondon's expeditions in the Amazon Rainforest.

Brazilian 100 Mil Reis Bank Notes

100 Mil Reis banknote 1936 Alberto Santos-Dumont

100 Mil Reis banknote 1923 Diogo Antônio Feijó

100 Mil Reis banknote 1924 Rui Barbosa de Oliveira

100 Mil Reis banknote 1925 Afonso Pena

100 Mil Reis banknote 1926 Caxia de Estabilizacao

100 Mil Reis banknote 1906 Caixa de Conversao

100 Mil Reis banknote 1892

100 Mil Reis banknote 1932 Duke of Caxias, Sao Paulo

100 Mil Reis banknote 1932 Fernão Dias Pais, Sao Paulo

Russian Gold Coins - Gold Rouble coin of 1779, Catherine II.

Rare gold rouble coin, struck St. Petersburg mint at 1779, under Catherine II as Empress of Russia.


Obverse: Crowned and draped bust of Empress Catherine II of Russia right.
Reverse: Crown above crowned double-headed imperial eagle, with oval shield depicting St. George killing the dragon at chest.

Weight: 1.23 gram of Gold(.917) - 0.0383 oz AGW, Diameter: 15mm
Reference: Friedberg 135, Bitkin 115 (R!), Severin 322, Uzdenikov 4088, KM-76. RR

Catherine the Great

Yekaterina Alexeevna or Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great (Russian: Екатерина II Великая, Yekaterina II Velikaya; German: Katharina die Große; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796), was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 9 July [O.S. 28 June] 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of sixty-seven. Her reign was called Russia's golden age. She was born in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia as Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg, and came to power following a coup d'état and the assassination of her husband, Peter III, at the end of the Seven Years' War. Russia was revitalized under her reign, growing larger and stronger than ever and becoming recognized as one of the great powers of Europe.
In both her accession to power and in rule of her empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Pyotr Rumyantsev and Alexander Suvorov, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the vast territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, king Stanisław August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.
Catherine reformed the administration of Russian guberniyas, and many new cities and towns were founded on her orders. An admirer of Peter the Great, Catherine continued to modernise Russia along Western European lines. However, military conscription and economy continued to depend on serfdom, and the increasing demands of the state and private landowners led to increased levels of reliance on serfs. This was one of the chief reasons behind several rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev's Rebellion of cossacks and peasants.
The period of Catherine the Great's rule, the Catherinian Era, is often considered the Golden Age of the Russian Empire and the Russian nobility. The Manifesto on Freedom of the Nobility, issued during the short reign of Peter III and confirmed by Catherine, freed Russian nobles from compulsory military or state service. Construction of many mansions of the nobility, in the classical style endorsed by the Empress, changed the face of the country. A notable example of enlightened despot, a correspondent of Voltaire and an amateur opera librettist, Catherine presided over the age of the Russian Enlightenment, when the Smolny Institute, the first state-financed higher education institution for women in Europe, was established.

Cayman Islands Gold Coin 100 Dollars Gold coin of 1977 Queens of England

Cayman Islands Gold Coins 100 Dollars Gold Proof Coin 1977

Queens of England

coin weighs .3646 ounces of pure gold.

Features cameo portraits of Queen Mary I & II, Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Anne, and Queen Victoria. Scarce, only 8,053 minted.

Cayman Islands Gold Coins 50 Dollars Gold Coin of 1977 Queen Victoria - Queens of England

Cayman Islands Gold Coins 50 Dollars Gold Coin of 1977 Queen Victoria

Queens of England

coin weighs .1823 ounces of pure gold.

Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India.
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no legitimate, surviving children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments. Publicly, she became a national icon, and was identified with strict standards of personal morality.
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.
Her reign of 63 years and seven months, which is longer than that of any other British monarch and the longest of any female monarch in history, is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover. Her son and successor, Edward VII, belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father.

Cayman Islands Gold Coins 50 Dollars Gold Coin of 1977 Queen Mary II - Queens of England

Cayman Islands Gold Coins 50 Dollars Gold Coin of 1977 Queen Mary II

Queens of England

coin weighs .1823 ounces of pure gold.

Queen Mary II of England (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was joint Sovereign of England, Scotland, and Ireland with her husband (who was also her first cousin), William III and II, from 1689 until her death. William and Mary, both Protestants, became king and queen regnant, respectively, following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII. William became sole ruler upon her death in 1694. Popular histories usually refer to their joint reign as that of "William and Mary".
Mary wielded less power than William when he was in England, ceding most of her authority to him, though he heavily relied on her. She did, however, act alone when William was engaged in military campaigns abroad, proving herself to be a powerful, firm, and effective ruler.

Cayman Islands Gold Coins 50 Dollars Gold Coin of 1977 Queen Elizabeth I - Queens of England

Cayman Islands Gold Coins 50 Dollars Gold Coin of 1977 Queen Elizabeth I

Queens of England

coin weighs .1823 ounces of pure gold.

Queen Elizabeth I of England (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called "The Virgin Queen", "Gloriana" or "Good Queen Bess", Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born into the royal succession, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed two and a half years after her birth, with Anne's marriage to Henry VIII being annulled, and Elizabeth hence declared illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, ruled as king until his death in 1553, whereupon he bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey, cutting his two half-sisters, Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary, out of the succession in spite of statute law to the contrary. His will was set aside, Mary became queen, and Lady Jane Grey was executed. In 1558, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister, during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
Elizabeth set out to rule by good counsel, and she depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, Baron Burghley. One of her first moves as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement later evolved into today's Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir so as to continue the Tudor line. She never did, however, despite numerous courtships. As she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity, and a cult grew up around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, and literature of the day.
In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been.  One of her mottoes was "video et taceo" ("I see, and say nothing"). In religion she was relatively tolerant, avoiding systematic persecution. After 1570, when the pope declared her illegitimate and released her subjects from obedience to her, several conspiracies threatened her life. All plots were defeated, however, with the help of her ministers' secret service. Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs, moving between the major powers of France and Spain. She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France, and Ireland. In the mid-1580s, war with Spain could no longer be avoided, and when Spain finally decided to attempt to conquer England in 1588, the failure of the Spanish Armada associated her with one of the greatest military victories in English history.
Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era, famous above all for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake. Some historians are more reserved in their assessment. They depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler, who enjoyed more than her share of luck. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor, in an age when government was ramshackle and limited and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones. Such was the case with Elizabeth's rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, whom she imprisoned in 1568 and eventually had executed in 1587. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity.

Austria banknotes 5000 Austrian schilling 1988 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Austria 5000 Schilling Mozart banknote

Currency of Austria 5000 Austrian Schilling Mozart banknote, issued by the Austrian National Bank  -  Oesterreichische Nationalbank

5000 schilling banknote, dated January 4, 1988, issued October 17, 1989.

Austrian money currency, Austrian banknotes, Austrian paper money , Austrian bank notes, Austria banknotes, Austria paper money, Austria bank notes, stock online trading, stock trading software, online investing, buy stocks, investment fund, investing money, safe investments. Oesterreichische Schilling banknoten, Österreich papiergeld.
Banknote collecting is a best investment of money if you know what to collect, when, where and how.

Obverse: Portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Posthumous painting by Barbara Krafft in 1819), (born Salzburg, January 27, 1756, died Vienna, December 5, 1791). Austrian Composer, main representative of Vienna Classicism. Stylized views of Salzburg and Hohensalzburg Castle at left. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was one of the greatest composers of all time.
Reverse: Vienna State Opera, important example of Ringstrasse period building. Built 1861 to 1869 by architects Eduard van der Nüll and August Sicard von Sicardsburg and inaugurated with a performance of Mozart’s opera Don Juan on May 25, 1869. Two Music Sculptures at right.

Austria banknotes - Austria paper money

1982-1988 Issue

    20 Schilling          50 Schilling          100 Schilling    

500 Schilling       1000 Schilling       5000 Schilling

Austrian schilling
The Schilling was the currency of Austria from 1924 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1999, and the circulating currency until 2002. The euro was introduced at a fixed parity of €1 = 13.7603 shilling to replace it. The schilling was divided into 100 Groschen.

Two Music Sculptures: Mozartbrunnen
The Mozart Fountain, a.k.a Magic Flute Fountain is a fountain on the Mozart Square in the 4th district of Vienna, Wieden.
The fountain was built in 1905. Designed by architect Otto Schönthal, the sculptor was Carl Wollek. The fountain is to commemorate the premiere of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera, The Magic Flute, held at Freihaustheater auf der Wieden, in 1791. The bronze sculpture displays Tamino and Pamina, main characters of The Magic Flute.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era.
   Mozart wrote over 600 works during his lifetime, including 41 symphonies, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, and 27 piano concertos. Three of his most famous operas include The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute and Don Giovanni. He is also famous for his Requiem mass.
Mozart was no doubt the greatest child star that ever lived. He was traveling all over Europe playing music by the time he was six. Because of his constant travels, Mozart eventually learned to speak fifteen different languages.
   He wrote his first sonata for the piano when he was four and composed his first opera when he was twelve! Mozart could compose anywhere - at meals (he loved liver dumplings and sauerkraut), while talking to friends, while playing pool and even while his wife was having a baby. He composed very quickly and wrote huge amounts of music. It would take over 8 days to play all of his music, one piece after the next, without stopping. One famous piece that he wrote was Variations on "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star."
One night a mysterious stranger came to his door dressed in gray to hire Mozart to write a requiem mass (a piece of music that choirs perform at funerals). Mozart, who was very afraid of ghosts and extremely superstitious, was terrified of the stranger who kept nagging him to finish the piece. He was already ill, and in his state of mind he became convinced that he was writing music for his own funeral.
   During his lifetime, Mozart was very well-known but spent money faster than he could earn it. He was poor and in debt when he died of kidney failure at the age of 35 and was buried in an unmarked grave. Mozart is considered by some to be the greatest composer who ever lived. While most composers specialize in certain kinds of pieces, Mozart created masterful works for almost every category of music - vocal music, concertos, chamber music, symphonies, sonatas, and opera.

Currency of Switzerland 1000 Swiss Francs banknote 1978 Auguste-Henri Forel

Switzerland 1000 Swiss franc note

 Swiss Franc - Schweizer Franken - Franc Suisse - Franco Svizzero

Currency of Switzerland 1000 Swiss Francs banknote 1978 Auguste-Henri Forel, issued by the Swiss National Bank

Schweizerische Nationalbank Schweizer - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera.
Switzerland Currency - 6th series of Swiss Franc banknotes

Banknotes of the Swiss franc money currency, 1000 Swiss Francs banknote Mega money valuable bank notes, Swiss banknotes, Swiss paper money, Swiss bank notes, Switzerland banknotes, Switzerland paper money, Switzerland bank notes, Schweizer Franken Banknoten papiergeld, billet 1000 francs Suisse, Banconota da 1000 franchi Svizzeri.

Obverse: Portrait of Auguste-Henri Forel (September 1, 1848 – July 27, 1931), Swiss neurologist, entomologist, neuroanatomist and psychiatrist, notable for his investigations into the structure of the human brain and that of ants. Forel considered a co-founder of the neuron theory. Forel is also known for his early contributions to sexology. Diagrams through a brain and nerve cell at left.
Reverse: Three ants and a cross-section of an anthill.

Prevailing colour - purple; Format 86 x 192 mm
Graphic artist - Ernst and Ursula Hiestand
Date of first issue - 04.04.1978; Date of recall - 01.05.2000; Worthless from 01.05.2020.
Printed by Orell Füssli, Zurich.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 6th series of Swiss Franc banknotes

10 Swiss Franc     20 Swiss Franc     50 Swiss Franc     100 Swiss Franc    

500 Swiss Franc     1000 Swiss Franc

The Swiss franc is used as a reserve currency around the world, because of the perceived stability of the currency and the Swiss banking system and is currently ranked rarely 5th or 6th in value held as reserves after the United States dollar, the euro, the Japanese yen and the pound sterling.
However, the share of all foreign exchange reserves held in Swiss francs has historically been well below 0.5%. The daily trading market turnover of the franc however, ranked fifth, or about 3.4%, among all currencies.
chf currency, swiss money, swiss currency, Switzerland currency, pictures of swiss currency, swiss francs photos, swiss chf, swiss franc images, chf currency image.




Auguste-Henri Forel

Auguste-Henri Forel (1 September 1848 – 27 July 1931) was a Swiss myrmecologist, neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and eugenicist, notable for his investigations into the structure of the human brain and that of ants. For example, he is considered a co-founder of the neuron theory. Forel is also known for his early contributions to sexology and psychology. From 1978 until 2000 Forel’s image appeared on the 1000 Swiss franc banknote.

Auguste-Henri Forel - Biography
Auguste-Henri Forel - Scientific work
Auguste-Henri Forel - Partial bibliography

Auguste-Henri Forel - Biography
Born in villa La Gracieuse, Morges, Switzerland, to Victor Forel a pious Swiss Calvinist and Pauline Morin, a French Huguenot he was brought up under a protective household. At the age of seven he began to take an interest in insects. He went to school at Morges and Lausanne before joining the medical school at Zurich. Forel had a diverse and mixed career as a thinker on many subjects. At Zurich he was inspired by the work of Bernhard Aloys von Gudden (1824-1886). In 1871 he went to Vienna and studied under Theodor Meynert (1833-1892) but was disappointed by Meynert. In 1873 he moved to Germany to assist Gudden at his Munich Kreis-Irrenanstalt. He improved upon various techniques in neuro-anatomy including modifications to Gudden's microtome design. In 1877 he described the nuclear and fibrillar organization of the tegmental region which is now known as Campus Foreli. He then became a lecturer at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich while also continuing his researches on ants. His first major work was a 450 page treatise on the ants of Switzerland which was published in 1874 and commended by Charles Darwin. He was appointed professor of psychiatry in 1879 at the University of Zurich Medical School. He not only ran the Burghölzli asylum there, but continued to publish papers on insanity, prison reform, and social morality. The asylum was very poorly run with corrupt staff and poor standards before Forel took over and converted to be among the best in Europe. Forel named his home as La Fourmilière —the Ant Colony. Around 1900 Forel was a eugenicist. Forel suffered a stroke that paralyzed his right side in 1912, but he taught himself to write with his left hand and was able to continue his studies. By 1914 he was a good friend of the eminent British entomologist Horace Donisthorpe, with whom he stayed in Switzerland; his ardent socialist views frequently caused political arguments between the two. After hearing of the religion from his son in law Dr. Arthur Brauns (married to his daughter Martha), in 1920 he became a member of the Bahá'í Faith, abandoning his earlier racist and socialist views saying,

This is the true religion of human social good, without dogmas or priests, uniting all men on this small terrestrial globe of ours. I have become a Bahá’í. May this religion live and prosper for the good of mankind; this is my most ardent wish.

— Auguste Forel,

  In 1921 he received a letter from `Abdu'l-Bahá about the differences between the mineral, vegetable, animal and human worlds, the spiritual nature of man and proofs of the existence of God. He was an agnostic and was strongly anti-capitalist diverging from the Bahá’í religion of today.
  Forel married Emma Steinheil in August 1883 and they had four daughters and two sons. In 1903 Forel and his family moved to live in his home, La Fourmiliere, in Yvorne near Lake Geneva. He died there on July 27, 1931 and was cremated in Lausanne two days later.

Auguste-Henri Forel - Scientific work
Forel's prize essay on the ants of Switzerland was published in three parts in a Swiss scientific journal, beginning in 1874. The work was reissued as a single volume in 1900, at which time it was also translated into English. His myrmecological five-volume magnum opus, Le Monde Social des Fourmis, was published in 1923.
  Forel's predilection for finding in ants the analogs of human social and political behaviors was always controversial. In the foreword to his 1927 edition of British Ants: their life history and classification, Donisthorpe opined, "I should wish ... to protest against the ants being employed as a supposed weapon in political controversy. In my opinion an entomological work is not the appropriate means for the introduction of political theories of any kind, still less for their glaring advertisement. But in 1937, the work was excerpted in Sir J.A. Hammerton's Outline of Great Books with praise for its relevance to the study of human psychology and as "the most important contribution to insect psychology ever made by a single student."
  Forel realized from experiments that neurons were the basic elements of the nervous system. He found that the neuromuscular junction communicated by mere contact and did not require the anastomosis of fibres. This came to be called the Contact Theory of Forel. The word "neuron" was coined by Wilhelm von Waldeyer who published a review of the work of Forel and others in 1891. Waldeyer synthesized ideas without actually conducting any research himself and published it in Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift a widely read journal which made him popular. Forel was very bitter about Waldeyer's achievement of fame that it is thought to have contributed to the decline in his interest in neuroanatomy and neurology. Less controversially, Forel first described in 1877 the zona incerta area in the brain. He gave it this name as it a "region of which nothing certain can be said".
  Forel International School is named after him.

Auguste-Henri Forel - Partial bibliography
 - Les Fourmis de la Suisse, Systématique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution géographique, nouvelles expériences et observations de moeurs. Bale, Genève, Lyon, H. Georg. (1874).
 - Ants and Some Other Insects: An Inquiry into the Psychic Powers of these Animals (1904)
 - Hypnotism; or, Suggestion and Psychotherapy: A Study of the Psychological, Psycho-physiological and Therapeutic Aspects of Hypnotism (1907)
 - Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt V.Prof. Dr. V. Buttel Reepen in den Jahren, 1911-1912. Zool. Jahrd.Jena Abt. F.Syst. 36: 1-148. (1913).
 - Fourmis de Rhodesia, etc. recoltees par M. Arnold, le Dr. H. Brauns et K. Fikendey. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique. 57: 108-147.(1913).
 - Le monde social des fourmis du globe comparé à celui de l’homme. Genève, Kundig, 1921-1923, 5 volumes (1921-1923).

Netherlands currency 25 Gulden banknote of 1971 Jan Pieterszoon Swelinck

Dutch guilder - 25 Gulden

Dutch banknotes 25 Gulden banknote

Currency of the Netherlands - Dutch guilder - 25 Gulden banknote, issued by the Central Bank of the Netherlands - De Nederlandsche Bank

Vijf en Twintig Gulden - Twenty Five Guilders Florin.

Dutch banknotes, Dutch paper money, Dutch bank notes, Netherlands banknotes, Netherlands paper money, Netherlands bank notes.

Obverse: Portrait of Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (April or May, 1562 – Amsterdam, 16 October 1621), Dutch composer, organist, and pedagogue whose work straddled the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque eras. He was among the first major keyboard composers of Europe, and his work as a teacher helped establish the north German organ tradition.
Reverse: Geometrical designs.

Watermark: Rectangular wave design.
Format 147 x 76 mm
Graphic artist -  Robert Deodaat Emile (Ootje) Oxenaar.
Date of signature: 10 February 1971; Date of issue: 15 December 1972
Withdrawn from circulation: between 1 November 1994 and 1 May 1995
Final date for exchange: 1 May 2025
Printed by Joh Enschede En Zonen - Private company - printer of security documents, stamps and banknotes based in Haarlem, Netherlands.
The company is a certified Euro banknotes printer, and produces euro notes for five EU countries.
Joh Enschede En Zonen prints stamps for more than sixty countries.

Banknotes of the Dutch guilder

1966-1972 Issue

5 Gulden   10 Gulden   25 Gulden   100 Gulden   1000 Gulden

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (born April 1562, Amsterdam — died Oct. 16, 1621, Amsterdam), Dutch organist and composer, one of the principal figures in the development of organ music before J.S. Bach.
   Sweelinck succeeded his father as organist of the Oude Kerk (Old Church), Amsterdam, in about 1580 and remained in this post until his death. Apparently he never left the Low Countries and traveled only to Rotterdam and Antwerp.
   Although he composed much sacred and secular vocal music in the polyphonic traditions of France and the Netherlands (including the Chansons, the Cantiones sacrae, and settings of the Psalms), Sweelinck was chiefly known as an organist and keyboard composer. His keyboard music includes chorale variations, toccatas and fantasias showing the influence of the Venetian organ school, and sets of variations on secular tunes.
   Sweelinck’s fantasias are among the first organ fugues in which a single theme is subjected to augmentation, diminution, and changes of rhythm and combined with counterthemes. His secular variations drew upon popular tunes of several European countries; an example is the set of variations on Mein junges Leben hat ein End’.
   It is possible that Sweelinck met the English composers John Bull and Peter Philips during their visits to the Low Countries; Bull’s “Fantasia on a Theme of Sweelinck” was the tribute of one keyboard virtuoso to another. Sweelinck’s keyboard playing was widely known. His organ pupils included the German composers Samuel Scheidt and Heinrich Scheidemann; Scheidemann’s pupil J.A. Reinken handed on this tradition of organ playing to the Danish organist Dietrich Buxtehude. Many outstanding organists of the following generation, particularly in northern Germany, were pupils of Sweelinck; Handel and Bach were influenced by this northern German school of organ playing.

Cypriot banknotes 250 Mils banknote of 1981

Cypriot banknotes 250 Mils bank note

Cypriot banknotes 250 Mil note

Cypriot banknotes 250 Mils banknote of 1981

Cypriot banknotes, Cypriot paper money, Cypriot bank notes, Cyprus banknotes, Cyprus paper money, Cyprus bank notes.

Obverse: Older version of the Coat of Arms of Cyprus at right., Cyprus map outline at lower right.
Reverse: Limestone quarry, Cyprus.
Cypriot pound = 1000 Miles, from 1955 to 1983.

Cyprus banknotes - Cyprus paper money

1964-1982 Issue

250 Mils      500 Mils      1 Pound      5 Pounds

Banknotes of Cyprus 500 Mils banknote of 1979

 Cyprus banknotes 500 Mils bank note 

Cyprus 500 Mils banknote

Banknotes of Cyprus 500 Mils banknote of 1979

Cypriot banknotes, Cypriot paper money, Cypriot bank notes, Cyprus banknotes, Cyprus paper money, Cyprus bank notes.

Obverse: Opus sectile - Older version of the Coat of Arms of Cyprus at right., Cyprus map outline at lower right.
Reverse: The Pentadaktylos mountain along the Northern coast of Cyprus.

Cyprus banknotes - Cyprus paper money

1964-1982 Issue

250 Mils      500 Mils      1 Pound      5 Pounds

Cypriot pound = 1000 Miles, from 1955 to 1983.

The mill or mille (₥) (sometimes mil in the UK, when discussing property taxes in the United States, or previously in Cyprus and Malta) is a now-abstract unit of currency used sometimes in accounting. In the United States, it is a notional unit equivalent to 1⁄1000 of a United States dollar (a tenth of a cent). In the United Kingdom it was proposed during the decades of discussion on the decimalization of the pound as a 1⁄1000 division of the pound sterling. Several other currencies used the mill, such as the Maltese lira.
The term comes from the Latin "millesimum", meaning "thousandth part".

The Pentadaktylos (Greek: Πενταδάκτυλος; Turkish: Beşparmak Dağları) is a mountain mass which makes up the western half of the Kyrenia Mountains, a long, narrow chain which runs 160 km (100 mi) along the Northern coast of Cyprus. Both the Greek name (Pentadactylos, also rendered as Pendathaktilos) and the Turkish name (Beşparmaklar) for these mountains come from the five finger-like projections of a mountain near Kyrenia. The names are also sometimes used synonymously with Kyrenia to refer to the entire range.
These mountains have many historical castles and monasteries including the St. Hilarion Castle.

Cyprus One Cypriot Pound banknote of 1961

Cypriot banknotes - 1 Cyprus pound banknote

Cyprus banknotes - Cyprus paper money

World bank notes Cyprus One Cypriot Pound banknote of 1961

Cypriot banknotes, Cypriot paper money, Cypriot bank notes, Cyprus banknotes, Cyprus paper money, Cyprus bank notes.

Obverse: Opus sectile - Older version of the Coat of Arms of Cyprus at right., Cyprus map outline at lower right.
Reverse: Roman aqueduct near Larnaca and Roman pillars at Salamis ruins, Famagusta, North Cyprus.

Cypriot pound = 1000 Miles, from 1955 to 1983.

Cyprus banknotes - Cyprus paper money

1961 Issue

250 Mils      500 Mils      1 Pound      5 Pounds

Kamares, the old aqueduct of Larnaka
At the exit from Larnaca towards the Limassol highway you see the grandiose arches (kamares) of the 16 kilometers long, 18th century aqueduct of Larnaca.

For the adventurer the old aqueduct of Larnaca offers a tremendous challenge. Walking in a straight line from the 1st arches (about 2-3 kilometers), you arrive at the 2nd arches, and after a walk of almost the same distance, (but having to pass the airport “bypass highway”) you arrive at the 3rd and lower arches. At this point you have to look for the old mill, which pumped the aqueduct’s water.

Then, for almost 9 kilometers up to the river, the water - channel goes underground, but every 30 meters you can see the “visiting wells” of this unbelievable project, which channeled the water of the river Tremithos to Larnaca till the 1950’s.

Many researchers and historians believe that this tremendous public work has existed since Roman times, (as it’s mentioned in the acts Secret of Apostle Barnabas) and that the Ottoman Governor Bekir Pashia reconstructed the whole project in 1745 on the basis of the surviving facilities. This argument is supported by the fact that a similar water channel exists in the archaeological site of the ancient port at Kilkis Street and at many other spots in the city dated in Hellenistic and Roman times.

Currency of Cyprus Ten Cypriot Pounds Lira banknote of 1987

Cyprus CY£ 10 pounds banknote

Central Bank of Cyprus - Ten pounds bank note

Currency of Cyprus Ten Cypriot Pounds Lira  banknote of 1987, issued by the Central Bank of Cyprus - Kentriki Trapeza tis Kyproy - Kıbrıs Merkez Bankası.

Cypriot banknotes, Cypriot paper money, Cypriot bank notes, Cyprus banknotes, Cyprus paper money, Cyprus bank notes.

Obverse: Cypriot limestone head of a Greek athlete wearing the victor’s headband.; Coat of arms of Cyprus at upper right.
Reverse: A composition depicting Cyprus warblers.

Cyprus banknotes - Cyprus paper money

The Cyprus Pound, also known as the lira, was the currency of Cyprus, including the Sovereign Base Areas in Akrotiri and Dhekelia, until 31 December 2007, when the Republic of Cyprus (and Malta) adopted the euro.

50 Cents    1£ Cypriot Pound    5£ Cypriot Pounds    10£ Cypriot Pounds    

20£ Cypriot Pounds

Cyprus banknotes 1 Cypriot pound banknote of 1994 Nymph Acme

Cypriot pound

 Central Bank of Cyprus - Cypriot pound Lira banknote 

Cyprus bank notes one Cypriot pound Lira banknote of 1994, issued by the Central Bank of Cyprus - Kentriki Trapeza tis Kyproy - Kıbrıs Merkez Bankası. Mia Lira - Bir Lira - One Pound.

Cypriot banknotes, Cypriot paper money, Cypriot bank notes, Cyprus banknotes, Cyprus paper money, Cyprus bank notes.

Obverse: Mosaic of Nymph Acme - Detail from a mosaic pavement in the House of Dionysus, dating from the third century BC; Cyprus map outline.
Reverse: Bellapais Abbey, an early XIIIth century ruined monastery near Kyrenia in Northern Cyprus. Watermark: Mouflon's head.
Printer: Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, London England.

Cyprus banknotes - Cyprus paper money

The Cyprus Pound, also known as the lira, was the currency of Cyprus, including the Sovereign Base Areas in Akrotiri and Dhekelia, until 31 December 2007, when the Republic of Cyprus (and Malta) adopted the euro.

50 Cents    1£ Cypriot Pound    5£ Cypriot Pounds    10£ Cypriot Pounds    

20£ Cypriot Pounds

House of Dionysus
Near the Paphos harbor are the excellently preserved mosaic pavements of the Villa of Dionysos, among the finest in the Mediterranean area.
The mosaics, which mainly depict scenes from Greek mythology, were accidentally discovered by a farmer plowing his field.
The House of Dionysus, was a private house, probably belonging to a very wealthy citizen. It was given the name because of the frequent appearance of the god on the mosaic floors and dates to the latter half of the second century.
Turning clockwise along the outer platforms are mosaics showing the figure of a man, various patterns of shapes and a depiction of a peacock. At the back of the house is one of the best-known mosaics, depicting a Ganymede being taken back to Olympus by an eagle. They are very well preserved, especially the natural colors of the limestone. In the inner series, in the Atrium, there are four panels, mainly depicting hunting scenes.
In the first is a picture of Pyramus and Thisbe, the second Dionysos and Ikarios, the third Poseidon and Amymone and in the fourth Apollo and Daphne.
The most famous mosaic is that of the triumph of Dionysos with the God in a chariot drawn by leopards. Behind him are a gathering of followers engaged in various revelries.
The remaining mosaics show numerous hunting scenes depicting a wide range of animals, including tigers.

Bellapais Abbey
Bellapais Abbey, or "The Abbey of Peace" (from French: Abbaye de la Belle Paix), is the ruin of a monastery built by Canons Regular in the 13th century on the northern side of the small village of Bellapais, now in Turkish-controlled Northern Cyprus, about five kilometers from the town of Kyrenia. The ruin is at an altitude of 220m above sea level, and commands a long view down to Kyrenia and the Mediterranean sea. The site is also a museum, which hosts a restaurant and a cafe.
Opening hours in the summer are 9am to 7pm; the winter hours are 9am to 1 pm and 2pm to 4:45pm. There is a small admission charge. The Abbey's refectory now serves as a venue for concerts and lectures. In early summer it is also a venue for a local music festival.