Sweden Gold coins - Carolin Gold Coin - 10 Francs, King Charles XV, mint year 1869.

Sweden Gold coin

Swedish Gold Coins  - 10 Francs  - Carolin Gold Coin 

Gold Coins from Sweden - Carolin Gold Coin - 10 Francs, mint year 1869.

Obverse: Head of Charles XV as King of Sweden and Norway right. Engraver´s initials (L.A.) of Lea Ahlborn below.
Legend: CARL XV SVERIGES OCH NORG. GÖTH. O. VEND. KONUNG

Reverse: Crowned globe with three crowns inside.
Legend: 1 CAROLIN (9/10 FINT) 10 FRANCS (1869)

Mintage: 31,000 pcs.
Engraver: Lea Ahlborn
Mint Place: Stockholm
Denomination: 10 Francs (Carolin)
Diameter: 19 mm
Weight: 3.22 gram of Gold (.900)

The carolin, a gold coin, was minted during 1868–72, to link the Swedish gold currency to the Latin Monetary Union, formed in 1865. One carolin was equal to 10 French francs (or units of the Latin Monetary Union) and to 7.1 riksdaler riksmynt. Its fine gold content was 2.90322 grams.

Charles XV of Sweden
Charles XV & IV also Carl (Carl Ludvig Eugen); Swedish and Norwegian: Karl (3 May 1826 – 18 September 1872) was King of Sweden (Charles XV) and Norway (Charles IV) from 1859 until his death.
Though known as King Charles XV in Sweden, he was actually the ninth Swedish king by that name, as his predecessor Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted a numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden.

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Ukrainian Banknotes 200 Karbowanez banknote of 1942 Rowno

200 Karbowanez banknote - German occupation of Ukraine, World War II 

 200 Karbowanez - Reichskommissariat Ukraine, World War II 

Ukraine Banknotes 200 Karbowanez - Zentralnotenbank Ukraine in Rowno 1942 - Reichskommissariat Ukraine, World War II

Ukrainian banknotes, Ukrainian paper money, Ukrainian bank notes, Ukraine banknotes, Ukraine paper money, Ukraine bank notes
During the occupation of Ukraine in World War II, the German occupying government issued banknotes denominated in karbovanets (karbowanez in German). The karbovanets replaced the Soviet ruble and was in circulation between 1942 and 1944. It was pegged to the Reichsmark at a rate of 10 karbovantsiv = 1 Reichsmark.

Obverse: On the ornamented background of figure '200' there is denomination on German: ZWEIHUNDERT KARBOWANEZ is marked in letters. Beneath there is the text: Ausgegeben auf Grund der Verordnung vom 5. März 1942 / ROWNO, den 10. März 1942. ZENTRALNOTENBANK UKRAINE, under it there is the signature of director of Central Bank, to the right of signature there is stamping looks like the coat of arms of German Empire (the eagle with the open wings holds in paws a wreath from oak leaves with a swastika) and circular inscription: ZENTRALNOTENBANK UKRAINE. In four corners of note there is the denomination '200', at the left there is vertical denomination: ZWEIHUNDERT. To the right there is portrait of peasant woman in so called 'mandala' (sacral decorative vignette), beneath it there is series number, 7 digit serial, red color. Background colors are dark-olive and brown, print color is dark-olive.

Reverse: In the center there is denomination '200' in so called 'mandala'. Above it there is inscription on German in two lines: ZENTRALNOTENBANK UKRAINE / ZWEIHUNDERT KARBOWANEZ, beneath there is the same inscription on Ukrainian: ДВЕСТИ КАРБОВАНЦІВ / ЦЕНТРАЛЬНИЙ ЕМІСІЙНИЙ БАНК УКРАЇНА. To the left there is text on German in five lines: GELOFÄLSCHUNG WIRD MIT ZUCHTHAUS BESTRAFT, to the right the same text on Ukrainian: ФАЛЬШУВАННЯ ГРОШЕВИХ ЗНАКІВ КАРАЄТЬСЯ ТЯЖКОЮ ТЮРМОЮ. In four corners of notes there is the denomination '200'. Background colors are brown and green, print color is dark-olive. Paper is white with multi-tone vertical fibrous line on the center of the face side.
Dimensions: 181 х 98 mm (note from FMM – 182 х 98 mm). Watermark: anchor cross. Series 1, Serial No – 3095487.
There are series with 1 or 2 figures: Х·ХХХХХХ (Х), ХХ·ХХХХХХ (Х); 6 or 7 digit serial, all signs of serial number have the identical size.
The note was in circulation from July 1, 1942 till October 1944 on Western areas of Ukraine.

Ukraine Banknotes Rowno 1942 - German occupation of Ukraine during World War II - Reichskommissariat Ukraine

1 Karbowanez    2 Karbowanez    5 Karbowanez    10 Karbowanez    20 Karbowanez    

50 Karbowanez    100 Karbowanez    200 Karbowanez    500 Karbowanez

Russian Imperial Gold Coins 5 Roubles Gold Coin of 1873, Alexander II of Russia.

Russian Imperial Gold Coins

Russia 5 Roubles Gold Coin

Russian Imperial Gold Coins 5 Roubles Gold Coin of 1873, Alexander II Tsar (Emperor) of Russia.

Russian Gold Coins, collection of Russian coins, Gold Coins of Europe, Russian Coinages, Russian Gold Money and Coins, European Coins, Collecting the Coins of Russia, gold coins for investment.


Obverse: Denomination ("5 Roubles"), flanked by stars of David. Mint date (1873) and initals (C.П.Б) of St. Petersburg.
Legend: ЧИСТАГО ЗОЛОТА 1 ЗОЛОТНИКЪ 39 ДОЛЕИ *
Legend (Translated): "Pure Gold 1 Zolotnik and 39 parts (dolya) *"

Reverse: Heraldic eagle with shields of provinces (duchies), holding imperial orb and staff . Mint initials (HI) below.

Mint Year: 1873., Denomination: 5 Roubles.
Mint Master: Nikolai Iossa (HI)., Mint Place: St. Petersburg (C.П.Б)
Reference: Friedberg 163, KM-B26. R!
Diameter: 23 mm., Weight: 6.55 gram of Gold (.917) - 0.1929 oz AGW
5-rubles coin, issued under Alexander II of Russia and struck at the St. Petersburg mint during 1873.

Switzerland banknotes 50 Swiss Francs banknote of 1926

50 Swiss francs

 50 Swiss francs banknote

Banknotes of Switzerland 50 Swiss Francs banknote 1926
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

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Obverse: Woman's head in left-hand side medallion.

Reverse: "The Woodcutter" oil on Canvas - painter Ferdinand Hodler.

Printed by Waterlow & Sons Ltd, London.

Ferdinand Hodler (March 14, 1853 – May 19, 1918) was one of the best-known Swiss painters of the nineteenth century.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes

5 Swiss Francs  20 Swiss Francs Vreneli  20 Swiss Francs  50 Swiss Francs    

100 Swiss Francs    500 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

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Switzerland paper money 100 Swiss Francs banknote 1927

100 Swiss francs

100 Swiss francs banknote

Switzerland paper money 100 Swiss francs banknote of 1927
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

Banknotes of the Swiss franc money currency, 100 Swiss Francs banknote, Swiss banknotes, Swiss paper money, Swiss bank notes, Switzerland banknotes, Switzerland paper money, Switzerland bank notes, Schweizer Franken Banknoten papiergeld, billet 100 francs Suisse, Banconota da 100 franchi Svizzeri.

Obverse: Woman's head in left-hand side medallion.
Reverse: "The Mower" oil on Canvas - painter Ferdinand Hodler, one of the best-known Swiss painters of the 19th century.
Printed by Waterlow & Sons Ltd, London.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes

5 Swiss Francs  20 Swiss Francs Vreneli  20 Swiss Francs  50 Swiss Francs    

100 Swiss Francs    500 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

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Switzerland banknotes CHF 500 Swiss Francs banknote of 1923

500 Swiss francs

500 Swiss francs banknote

Banknotes of Switzerland 500 Swiss Francs note 1923
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

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Obverse: Portrait of Woman from Appenzell.

Reverse: Embroidering Appenzell Women - painter Eugene Burnard.

Printed by Waterlow & Sons Ltd, London.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes

5 Swiss Francs  20 Swiss Francs Vreneli  20 Swiss Francs  50 Swiss Francs    

100 Swiss Francs    500 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

Eugène Burnand

Eugène Burnand (30 August 1850 – 4 February 1921) was a Swiss painter. He was born in the municipality of Moudon in the Swiss canton Vaud. Before moving to Paris in 1872 he studied with Barthélemy Menn at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Geneva. In Paris he joined Jean-Léon Gérôme's studio, and was known primarily as a landscape painter.

Burnand was greatly influenced by the Realism of such artists as Jean-François Millet and Gustave Courbet. This is reflected in perhaps his best known work, The Disciples Peter and John Running to the Sepulchre on the Morning of the Resurrection c.1898, which hangs in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

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Switzerland banknotes 5 Swiss Francs note 1951 William Tell

5 Swiss francs

 5 Swiss francs banknote

Banknotes of Switzerland 500 Swiss Francs note 1951 William Tell
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

Banknotes of the Swiss franc money currency, 5 Swiss Francs banknote, Swiss banknotes, Swiss paper money, Swiss bank notes, Switzerland banknotes, Switzerland paper money, Switzerland bank notes, Schweizer Franken Banknoten papiergeld, billet 5 francs Suisse, Banconota da 5 franchi Svizzeri.

Obverse: William Tell or Wilhelm Tell - William Tell monument in the marketplace of Altdorf, Canton of Uri, Switzerland.

Reverse: Ornaments, rosette, and numeral of value.

Printed by Orell Fussli Security Printing Ltd, Zürich.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes

5 Swiss Francs  20 Swiss Francs Vreneli  20 Swiss Francs  50 Swiss Francs    

100 Swiss Francs    500 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

William Tell

William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: German: Wilhelm Tell; French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell; Romansh: Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland. His legend is recorded in a late 15th-century Swiss chronicle.

It is set in the period of the original foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century. According to the legend, Tell—an expert marksman with the crossbow—assassinated Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of Habsburg Austria positioned in Altdorf, Uri.

Along with Arnold Winkelried, Tell is a central figure in Swiss patriotism as it was constructed during the Restoration of the Confederacy after the Napoleonic era.

William Tell monument

The Tell Monument (German: Telldenkmal) is a memorial to William Tell in the market place of Altdorf, Canton of Uri, Switzerland.

The bronze statue of Richard Kissling was inaugurated in the August 28, 1895 at the foot of an old tower. It shows the Swiss national hero with his crossbow and accompanied by his son. At the base is the traditional date of Rütlischwur of 1307.

Behind the statue is a big bronze plate with the following inscription:

Erzæhlen Wird Man Von Dem Schützen Tell

So Lang Die Berge Steh'n Auf Ihrem Grunde.

This translates to: It will be talked about (in the sense of "stories will be told about") the marksman Tell as long as the mountains stand on their base.

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Switzerland banknotes 20 Swiss Francs banknote 1949 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

20 Swiss francs CHF

20 Swiss francs banknote

Banknotes of Switzerland 20 Swiss Francs note 1949 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

Banknotes of the Swiss franc money currency, 20 Swiss Francs banknote, Swiss banknotes, Swiss paper money, Swiss bank notes, Switzerland banknotes, Switzerland paper money, Switzerland bank notes, Schweizer Franken Banknoten papiergeld, billet 20 francs Suisse, Banconota da 20 franchi Svizzeri.

Obverse: Portrait of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi - Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer.

Reverse: Swiss cross in the middle of the note.

Printed by Orell Fussli Security Printing Ltd, Zürich.

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (January 12, 1746 – February 17, 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach.

He founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland and wrote many works explaining his revolutionary modern principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". Thanks to Pestalozzi, illiteracy in 18th-century Switzerland was overcome almost completely by 1830.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 2nd series of Swiss Franc banknotes

5 Swiss Francs  20 Swiss Francs Vreneli  20 Swiss Francs  50 Swiss Francs    

100 Swiss Francs    500 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

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Switzerland currency 50 Francs banknote of 1965

50 Swiss franc

50 Swiss franc banknote

Switzerland Currency 50 Swiss Francs note 1965
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 5th series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

Banknotes of the Swiss franc money currency, 50 Swiss Francs banknote, Swiss banknotes, Swiss paper money, Swiss bank notes, Switzerland banknotes, Switzerland paper money, Switzerland bank notes, Schweizer Franken Banknoten papiergeld, billet 50 francs Suisse, Banconota da 50 franchi Svizzeri.

Obverse: Girl head.
Reverse: apple harvesting scene (symbolizing fertility).
Printed by Thomas De La Rue, London.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 5th series of Swiss Franc banknotes

10 Swiss Francs    20 Swiss Francs    50 Swiss Francs    100 Swiss Francs    

500 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

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Swiss banknotes CHF 1000 Swiss Francs note 1965

1000 Swiss francs

1000 Swiss francs banknote

Banknotes of Switzerland 1000 Swiss Francs note 1965
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 5th series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

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Obverse: Female head.
Reverse: Allegorical scene: Dance of Death, or Danse Macabre (French).
Printed by Thomas De La Rue, London.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 5th series of Swiss Franc banknotes

10 Swiss Francs    20 Swiss Francs    50 Swiss Francs    100 Swiss Francs    

500 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

Dance of Death
Dance of Death, also variously called Danse Macabre (French), Danza Macabra (Italian), Dansul Morţii (Romanian), Danza de la Muerte (Spanish), Dansa de la Mort (Catalan), Dança Macabra (Portuguese language), Totentanz (German), Dodendans (Dutch), Surmatants (Estonian), is an artistic genre of late-medieval allegory on the universality of death: no matter one's station in life, the Dance of Death unites all. The Danse Macabre consists of the dead or personified Death summoning representatives from all walks of life to dance along to the grave, typically with a pope, emperor, king, child, and labourer. They were produced to remind people of the fragility of their lives and how vain were the glories of earthly life. Its origins are postulated from illustrated sermon texts; the earliest recorded visual scheme was a now lost mural in the Saints Innocents Cemetery in Paris dating from 1424–25.

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Switzerland banknotes CHF 50 Swiss Francs banknote of 2004 Sophie Taeuber-Arp

Switzerland banknotes CHF 50 Swiss francs banknote of 2004 Sophie Taeuber-Arp

Swiss National Bank

Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 8th series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

Banknotes of the Swiss franc money currency, 50 Swiss Francs banknote, Swiss banknotes, Swiss paper money, Swiss bank notes, Switzerland banknotes, Switzerland paper money, Switzerland bank notes, Schweizer Franken Banknoten papiergeld, billet 50 francs Suisse, Banconota da 50 franchi Svizzeri.

Obverse side of the 50 Swiss francs is showing the portrait of Sophie Taeuber-Arp (1889-1943), one of the outstanding abstract artists of this century. Her work includes painting, textiles, sculptures and reliefs. Dance and theater were also among the artist’s favored media expression. Circular, line and rectangular compositions, as well as the famous „Dada heads”, are typical of this work, as shown on the back of the note. Sophie Taeuber-Arp, who spearheaded new artistic movements, is one of the key figures in modern art.

Reverse side of the 50 Swiss francs is showing:
„Relief rectangulaire” 1936 — Sophie Taeuber-Arp is considered to be the creator of this type of relief. This work influenced an entire era of art history.
„Tête Dada” 1919 — this painted wooden head, an early example of Sophie Taeuber-Arp’s work during the period of the Zurich Dada movement, is a portrait of Hans Arp, who later became her husband.
„Lignes ouvertes” 1939 — this piece, from the last comprehensive group of works, is concerned with linearities and their interrelations, with surfaces and space, reflecting Sophie Taeuber-Arp’s early involvement in the art of dance.
Composition „Aubette” 1927 — this composition, a product of her involvement in decorating the rooms of the „Café Aubette” in Strasbourg, is a seminal early work of geometric-constructivist art.

Banknote of 50 Swiss francs has dimensions 74×148 mm and main colors are khaki, myrtle, dark jungle green, old lavender and feldgrau. Date of issue of 50 Swiss francs banknote was 3 October 1995.
Printed by Orell Fussli Security Printing Ltd, Zürich.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 8th series of Swiss Franc banknotes

10 Swiss Francs    20 Swiss Francs    50 Swiss Francs    100 Swiss Francs    

200 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

Swiss francs can be purchased outside Switzerland from foreign currency brokers, including some banks. Switzerland is outside the euro currency system, although euros are generally accepted there, and the Swiss franc has generally proved stronger and more secure than other currencies including the euro and the U.S. dollar in the first decade of the 21st century.

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Switzerland currency 100 Swiss francs banknote 1998 Alberto Giacometti

Switzerland currency 100 Swiss francs banknote of 1998 Alberto Giacometti

Swiss National Bank - 100 Franken (1998 issue), Pick 72c
Swiss National Bank
Schweizerische Nationalbank - Banque Nationale Suisse - Banca Nazionale Svizzera - Banca Naziunala Svizra

Switzerland Currency - 8th series of Swiss Franc banknotes 

Banknotes of the Swiss franc money currency, 100 Swiss Francs banknote, Swiss banknotes, Swiss paper money, Swiss bank notes, Switzerland banknotes, Switzerland paper money, Switzerland bank notes, Schweizer Franken Banknoten papiergeld, billet 100 francs Suisse, Banconota da 100 franchi Svizzeri.

Obverse side of the 100 Swiss francs is showing the portrait of Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966), one of the 20th century’s most important sculptors. Giacometti made his reputation in the thirties, with sculptural works in the Surrealist style. But it was his later figures that brought him wider frame. The characteristic Giacometti style first appeared in 1946: attenuated figures which seem almost massless and weightless. The female figures are seen frontally, with feet together, arms pressed to their sides and clump-like feet. The males are usually striding. The figures seem solitary and somehow far-off. In his work Giacometti was trying to render complexity and the brimming experiences of reality. This is also apparent in his painting, which is highly expressive and stripped of all illusion.

Reverse side of the 100 Swiss francs is showing:
Lotar II (1964) — this bronze bust shows Giacometti’s fascination with surfaces. They underwent a stark transformation under his fingers and modeling knife, giving many of his figures the appearance of bare rock. The unevenness of the texture creates an intensive play of light and shade.
L’Homme qui marche I (The Walking Man I, lit. The Man who Walks I) is the name of any one of the cast bronze sculptures that comprise six numbered editions plus four artist proofs created by Swiss sculptor Alberto Giacometti in 1961. On 3 February 2010, the second edition of the cast of the sculpture became one of the most expensive works of art ever sold at auction, and the most expensive sculpture.
Time-space relationship — this sketch stems from Giacometti’s 1946 memoir: „Le Rêe, le Sphinx et la mort de T.” Because the linear narrative style was inadequate to express his experience, Giacometti tried a sculptural solution: time is represented as a horizontal disc, the individual segments stand for various events. The panels at the edge tell the relevant stories.

Banknote of 100 Swiss francs has dimensions 159×74 mm and main colors are air force blue, glaucous, pastel blue, pale cornflower blue, old lavender and gainsboro. Date of issue of 100 Swiss francs banknote was 1 October 1998.
Printer: Orell Füssli Arts Graphiques S.A.

Banknotes of the Swiss franc

Switzerland Currency - 8th series of Swiss Franc banknotes

10 Swiss Francs    20 Swiss Francs    50 Swiss Francs    100 Swiss Francs    

200 Swiss Francs    1000 Swiss Francs

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Romania banknotes 500 Lei banknote of 1936 King Carol II

Romania banknotes 500 Lei banknote of 1936, King Carol II

Obverse: Portrait of King Carol II of Romania.
Reverse: General view of Peleş Castle.

Peleş Castle is a Neo-Renaissance castle in the Carpathian Mountains, near Sinaia, in Prahova County, Romania, on an existing medieval route linking Transylvania and Wallachia.


Carol II of Romania
Carol II (15 October 1893 – 4 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until 6 September 1940. Eldest son of Ferdinand, King of Romania, and his wife, Queen Marie, a daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second eldest son of Queen Victoria. He was the first of the Romanian royal family who was baptized in the Orthodox rite.

Romanian leu
The leu (Romanian pronunciation: [lew], plural lei [lej]; ISO 4217 code RON; numeric code 946) is the currency of Romania. It is subdivided into 100 bani (singular: ban). The name of the currency means "lion".
1867-1947
In 1860, the Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza attempted to create a national românul ("The Romanian") and the romanat, however the project was not approved by the Ottoman Empire.
On April 22, 1867, a bimetallic currency was adopted, with the leu equal to 5 grams of 83.5% silver or 0.29032 grams of gold. The first leu coin was minted in Romania in 1870.
Before 1878 the silver Russian ruble was valued so highly as to drive the native coins out of circulation. Consequently, in 1889, Romania unilaterally joined the Latin Monetary Union and adopted a gold standard. Silver coins were legal tender only up to 50 lei. All taxes and customs dues were to be paid in gold and, owing to the small quantities issued from the Romanian mint, foreign gold coins were current, especially French 20-franc pieces (equal at par to 20 lei), Turkish gold lire (22.70), old Russian imperials (20.60) and British sovereigns (25.22).
Romania left the gold standard in 1914 and the leu's value fell. The exchange rate was pegged at 167.20 lei = 1 U.S. Dollar on February 7, 1929, 135.95 lei on November 5, 1936, 204.29 lei on May 18, 1940, and 187.48 Lei on March 31, 1941. During Romania's World War II alliance with Nazi Germany, the leu was pegged to the Reichsmark at a rate of 49.50 lei = 1 Reichsmark, falling to 59.5 lei in April 1941. During Soviet occupation, the exchange rate was 1 ruble = 100 lei. After the war, the value of the currency fell dramatically and the National Bank issued the banknote with the highest denomination in its history: the 5 million lei banknote.

Mexican banknotes 100 Nuevos Pesos banknote of 1992

Mexican banknotes 100 Nuevos Pesos banknote of 1992

Banco de México - Billete de 100 Nuevos Pesos

Obverse: Portrait of 20th President of Mexico Plutarco Elías Calles. Edificio del Banco de México en la ciudad de México.

Plutarco Elías Calles (September 25, 1877 – October 19, 1945) was a Mexican general and politician. He was the powerful interior minister under President Álvaro Obregón, who chose Calles as his successor. The 1924 Calles presidential campaign was the first populist presidential campaign in the nation's history, as he called for land redistribution and promised equal justice, more education, additional labor rights, and democratic governance. Calles indeed tried to fulfill his promises during his populist phase (1924–26), but entered a repressive and violent anti-Catholic phase (1926–28).
After leaving office he continued to be the dominant leader from 1928–1935, a period known as the maximato. Calles is most noted for a fierce oppression of Catholics that led to the Cristero War, a civil war between Catholic rebels and government forces, and for founding the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (National Revolutionary Party, or PNR), which became the Partido de la Revolución Mexicana (Party of the Mexican Revolution, or PRM) which eventually became the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), that governed Mexico from 1929 to 2000 under these three different names.