Israel Banknotes 5 Israeli Pounds 1968 Albert Einstein Bank of Israel
Obverse: Portrait of Albert Einstein; the denomination "Five Israeli Pounds" and "Bank of Israel" in Hebrew.
Reverse: Atomic reactor at Nahal Sorek (Soreq Nuclear Research Center); "Bank of Israel" in Hebrew, English and Arabic.
Watermark: Einstein.
Security thread: On the left-hand side of the note.
Colour of numbering: Black. Red (March 1974).
Signatures: Governor of the Bank David Horowitz; Chairman of the Advisory Council Y. Chorin.
Design: Prof. Masino Besi, Italy and Sam Hertz, Holland.
Size: 150 X 75 mm.
Dominant colour: Light blue.
Year: 1968.
Date of issue: January 13, 1972.
Ceased to be legal tender: March 31, 1984.
Israel Banknotes - Israel Paper Money
Third Series of the Israeli Pound
1968 Issue
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist. Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). Einstein is best known in popular culture for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2 (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "services to theoretical physics", in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory.
Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale structure of the universe.
He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and, being Jewish, did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the U.S., becoming an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new type" and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research. This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein supported defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.
Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. On 5 December 2014, universities and archives announced the release of Einstein's papers, comprising more than 30,000 unique documents. Einstein's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.
Soreq Nuclear Research Center
The Soreq Nuclear Research Center (Hebrew: המרכז למחקר גרעיני - שורק) is a research and development institute situated near the localities of Palmachim and Yavne in Israel. It operates under the auspices of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC). The center conducts research in various physical sciences, particularly the development of many kinds of sensors, lasers, atmospheric research, non-destructive testing techniques, space environment, nuclear safety, medical diagnostics and nuclear medicine. It is also one of three facilities in Israel which produce various types of radiopharmacuticals for use by health care organizations throughout the country.
The institute houses a wide array of laboratories and research facilities including an AMF 5 MW pool-type light water nuclear reactor supplied in the late 1950s from the United States under the Atoms for Peace program, a 10 MeV proton cyclotron accelerator, and a continuous wave, 5-40 MeV, 0.04-5 mA proton and deuteron superconducting linear accelerator – the first phase of which was commissioned in 2013 (see also: SARAF – Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility).
Commissioned by the Israeli government in 1956, the reactor building was designed by American architect Philip Johnson. With its distinctive brutalist style, it has appeared on stamps and was one of Johnson's favorite buildings, though security precautions prevented him from visiting the completed structure while in Israel in 1966.
The Center is named after the nearby stream of Soreq.
The Center operates under the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency.