Brazil Banknotes 1000 Cruzados banknote 1987 Machado de Assis
Central Bank of Brazil - Banco Central do Brasil
Obverse: Portrait of Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (often known by his surnames as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho (21 June 1839 – 29 September 1908), was a Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright, short story writer, and advocate of monarchism. Widely regarded as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature, nevertheless he did not gain widespread popularity outside Brazil in his own lifetime. Emblem of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and excerpt from a novel Esau and Jacob, 1904 (Esaú e Jacó). Esau and Jacob is the last of Machado de Assis's four great novels.
Reverse: View of the 1o de Março Street in Rio de Janeiro in 1905.
Texts: Banco Central do Brasil; Mil Cruzados; Deus Seja Louvado.
Watermark: Portrait of Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis.
Colors: purple, brown, yellow, olive.
Size: 154 x 74 mm.
Printer: Casa da Moeda do Brasil (CMB).
Brazilian Currency Banknotes - Brazil Paper Money
1986-1988 Issue
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Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (born June 21, 1839, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil — died September 29, 1908, Rio de Janeiro), Brazilian poet, novelist, and short-story writer, a classic master of Brazilian and world literature, whose art is rooted in the traditions of European culture and transcends the influence of Brazilian literary schools.
The son of a house painter of mixed black and Portuguese ancestry, he was raised, after his mother’s death, by a stepmother, also of mixed parentage. Sickly, epileptic, unprepossessing in appearance, and a stutterer, he found employment at the age of 17 as a printer’s apprentice and began to write in his spare time. Soon he was publishing stories, poems, and novels in the Romantic tradition.
By 1869 Machado was a typically successful Brazilian man of letters, comfortably provided for by a government position and happily married to a cultured woman, Carolina Augusta Xavier de Novais. In that year illness forced him to withdraw from his active career. He emerged from this temporary retreat with a new novel in a strikingly original style that marked a clear break with the literary conventions of the day. This was Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas (1881; “The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas”; Epitaph of a Small Winner, 1952), an eccentric first-person narrative with a flow of free association and digression. The “small winner,” Brás Cubas, cynically reviews his life in 160 short, often disconnected chapters. Machado’s reputation now rests on this work, his short stories, and two later novels, Quincas borba (1891; Philosopher or Dog, 1954) and his masterpiece, Dom Casmurro (1899; Eng. trans., 1953), a haunting and terrible journey into a mind warped by jealousy. Translations of his shorter fiction include The Devil’s Church and Other Stories (1977) and The Psychiatrist and Other Stories (1963).
Urbane, aristocratic, cosmopolitan, aloof, and cynical, Machado ignored such social questions as Brazilian independence and the abolition of slavery. He failed to share Brazilian enthusiasm for local colour and self-conscious nationalism. The locale of his fiction is usually Rio, which he takes for granted as though there were no other place. The natural world is practically nonexistent in his work. He writes with a deep-rooted pessimism and disillusionment that would be unbearable were it not disguised by flippancy and wit. He became the first president of the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1896 and held the office until his death.
Brazilian Academy of Letters
Academia Brasileira de Letras (English: Brazilian Academy of Letters) is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poets inspired by the Académie Française. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the by-laws being passed on January 28, 1897. On July 20 of the same year, the Academy entered into operation.