The Province of Canada One Dollar Bill 1866 Payable at Toronto
This note comes from the first true Federal issue (save for the earlier overprinted Bank of Montreal examples). These notes entered circulation in January, 1867, just months before Confederation, when the Province of Canada would disappear as a political entity, and circulated until replaced by the first Dominion issue in 1870. This is a relatively scarce bank note. It was issued for about six years.Obverse: Great Seal of the Province of Canada, following the union of Upper and Lower Canada in 1840, supported by sailor and farmer at upper center (Two allegorical figures hold the former seals of Upper Canada (right) and of Lower Canada (left). The arms of Queen Victoria are at the top. Legend: VICTORIA D.G. BRITANIARUM REGINA FID. DEF SIGILLUM PROVINCIAE CANADAE.) Vertical overprint at left and right: PAYABLE AT TORONTO. Portrait of Samuel de Champlain at left and Jacques Cartier at right. Each note has a red serial number and green underprint.
Portrait of Jacques Cartier, taken from a painting that hangs in the Hotel de Ville of St. Malo, the port from which Cartier sailed on his memorable voyage to the New World in 1534.
Reverse: Inscription - The Province of Canada an center, flanked by face value in ornate guilloche.
Printer: American Bank Note Company, New York.
Quantity Issued: 1000000.
Text: Authorized By 29 & 30 Vict. C. 10 – Ottawa – October 1st 1866 – The Province of Canada – Will Pay One Dollar To Bearer – Countersigned for Provincial Agents – British American Bank Note Co. Montreal & Ottawa – Canada Bank Note Printing Tint – Deputy Receiver General – American Bank Note Co. New York
Province of Canada
1866 Issue
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain (born Samuel Champlain; on or before August 13, 1574 – December 25, 1635), "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608. He is important to Canadian history because he made the first accurate map of the coast and he helped establish the settlements.
Born into a family of mariners, Champlain, while still a young man, began exploring North America in 1603 under the guidance of François Gravé Du Pont, his uncle. From 1604 to 1607 Champlain participated in the exploration and settlement of the first permanent European settlement north of Florida, Port Royal, Acadia (1605) as well as the first European settlement that would become Saint John, New Brunswick (1604). Then, in 1608, he established the French settlement that is now Quebec City. Champlain was the first European to explore and describe the Great Lakes, and published maps of his journeys and accounts of what he learned from the natives and the French living among the Natives. He formed relationships with local Montagnais and Innu and later with others farther west (Ottawa River, Lake Nipissing, or Georgian Bay), with Algonquin and with Huron Wendat, and agreed to provide assistance in their wars against the Iroquois.
In 1620, Louis XIII of France ordered Champlain to cease exploration, return to Quebec, and devote himself to the administration of the country. In every way but formal title, Samuel de Champlain served as Governor of New France, a title that may have been formally unavailable to him owing to his non-noble status. He established trading companies that sent goods, primarily fur, to France, and oversaw the growth of New France in the St. Lawrence River valley until his death in 1635.
Champlain is memorialized as the "Father of New France" and "Father of Acadia", and many places, streets, and structures in northeastern North America bear his name, or have monuments established in his memory. The most notable of these is Lake Champlain, which straddles the border between northern New York and Vermont, extending slightly across the border into Canada. In 1609 he led an expedition up the Richelieu River and explored a long, narrow lake situated between the Green Mountains of present-day Vermont and the Adirondack Mountains of present-day New York; he named the lake after himself as the first European to map and describe it.
Province of Canada
The United Province of Canada, or Province of Canada, or the United Canadas was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867. Its formation reflected recommendations made by John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham in the Report on the Affairs of British North America following the Rebellions of 1837–38.
The Act of Union 1840, passed July 23, 1840, by the British Parliament and proclaimed by the Crown on February 10, 1841, merged the two Colonies by abolishing the Parliaments of Upper and Lower Canada and replacing them with a single one with two houses, a Legislative Council as the upper chamber and the Legislative Assembly as the lower chamber. In the aftermath of the Rebellions of 1837–1838, unification of the two Canadas was driven by two factors. Firstly, Upper Canada was near bankruptcy due to a lack of stable tax revenues, and needed the resources of the more populous Lower Canada to fund its internal transportation improvements. And secondly, unification was an attempt to swamp the French vote by giving each of the former provinces the same number of parliamentary seats, despite the larger population of Lower Canada. Although Durham's report had called for both the Union of the Canadas and Responsible Government (i.e., an independent local legislature), only the first was implemented. The new government was to be led by an appointed Governor General accountable only to the British Crown and the King's Ministers. Responsible Government was not to be achieved until the second LaFontaine-Baldwin ministry in 1849.
The Province of Canada ceased to exist at Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867, when it was redivided into the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. From 1791 to 1841, the territory roughly corresponding to modern-day Southern Ontario in Canada belonged to the British colony of Upper Canada, while the southern portion of modern-day Quebec belonged to Lower Canada (along with Labrador until 1809, when Labrador was transferred to the colony of Newfoundland). Upper Canada was primarily English-speaking, whereas Lower Canada was primarily French-speaking.
Canadian One Dollar Bills
The Province of Canada One Dollar Bill 1870 Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain