Russia 10 Rubles banknote 1884 Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov
Russia State Credit Note
Obverse: On the left side of the banknote are imperial regalia: Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, 1857 - Imperial Double-Headed Eagle above monogram of Czar Alexander III of Russia and Imperial Crown of Russia at top. On the right side depicted Guilloche rosette with the face value "10", against the background of the Roman numeral "X".
On the obverse is the text: «Государственный кредитный билет. По предъявлении выдается из разменной кассы Государственного Банка ДЕСЯТЬ РУБЛЕЙ серебряною или золотою монетою». (State Credit Note. Payable to the bearer of this Note from the currency exchange offices of the State Bank the TEN RUBLES in silver or gold coins).
Signatures of the Governor of State Bank - Aleksey Vasilievich Tsimsen and one of the cashiers.
Reverse: Portrait of Michael I of Russia (Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) 1596 – 1645, first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov after the zemskiy sobor of 1613 elected him to rule the Tsardom of Russia. Around the portrait is written the inscriptions of full name and titles of the Tsar: "МИХАИЛЪ ФЕДОРОВИЧЪ ГОСУДАРЬ ЦАРЬ И ВЕЛИКIЙ КНЯЗЬ ВСЕЯ РОСIИ САМОДЕРЖЕЦЪ". (Mikhail Fedorovich, the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke, Autocrat of all Russia). Two small guilloche rosettes with the face value "10" at left and right and date of issue at upper center.
Text: "Extract from the Highest Manifesto of 1 June 1843, relating to the issue of state credit notes".
(Portrait of the Tsar Michael I of Russia from the Portrait Gallery of the Representatives of the Romanov Dynasty in the Hermitage collection, Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia, was, from 1732 to 1917, the official residence of the Russian monarchs. Today, the restored palace forms part of a complex of buildings housing the State Hermitage Museum.)
Watermark: The face value in arabic numerals "10" at all corners, abbreviation «Г. К. Б.» (Государственный Кредитный Билет - State Credit Note) on the top, the date of issue at lower center.
Date of issue: 15 April 1869, according to the decree of 27 March 1868 (No. 45652).
Withdrawn from circulation: This notes was exchanged for the new banknotes of 1887 issue, according to the decree of May 25, 1888 (No. 5229), from 1 January 1890 to 1 January 1893.
Not Payable from 1 May 1894.
Printer: Expedition for the Preparation of Government Papers [EZGB] – at present Goznak.
Size: 166 × 98 mm.
Russian Banknotes - Russia paper money
Portrait Series - 1866-1894 issue
1 Ruble 1882 1 Ruble 1886 3 Rubles 5 Rubles 10 Rubles
Michael I of Russia
Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (22 July [O.S. 12 July] 1596 – 23 July [O.S. 13 July] 1645) became the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov after the zemskiy sobor of 1613 elected him to rule the Tsardom of Russia. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as Patriarch Filaret) and of Xenia (later known as "the great nun" Martha). He was also a nephew of Feodor I (the last Rurikid Tsar) through his aunt Anastasia Romanovna (his paternal grandfather's sister) and through marriage with Tsar Ivan IV of Russia. His accession marked the end of the Time of Troubles of 1598-1613.
Life and reign
Michael's grandfather, Nikita, was brother to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia and a central advisor to Ivan the Terrible. As a young boy, Michael and his mother had been exiled to Beloozero in 1600. This was a result of the recently elected Tsar Boris Godunov, in 1598, falsely accusing his father, Feodor, of treason. This may have been partly because Feodor had married Ksenia Shestova against Boris' wishes. Michael was unanimously elected Tsar of Russia by a national assembly on 21 February 1613, but the delegates of the council did not discover the young Tsar and his mother at the Ipatiev Monastery near Kostroma until 24 March. He had been chosen after several other options had been removed, including royalty of Poland and Sweden. Initially, Martha protested, believing and stating that her son was too young and tender for so difficult an office, and in such a troublesome time.
Michael's election and accession to the throne form the basis of the Ivan Susanin legend, which Russian composer Mikhail Glinka dramatized in his opera A Life for the Tsar.
In so dilapidated a condition was the capital at this time that Michael had to wait for several weeks at the Troitsa monastery, 75 miles (121 km) off, before decent accommodation could be provided for him at Moscow. He was crowned on 22 July 1613. The first task of the new tsar was to clear the land of the countries occupying it. Sweden and Poland were then dealt with respectively by the peace of Stolbovo (17 February 1617) and the Truce of Deulino (1 December 1618). The most important result of the Truce of Deulino was the return from exile of the tsar's father, who henceforth took over the government till his death in October 1633, Michael occupying quite a subordinate position.
Tsar Michael suffered from a progressive leg injury (a consequence of a horse accident early in his life), which resulted in his not being able to walk towards the end of his life. He was a gentle and pious prince who gave little trouble to anyone and effaced himself behind his counsellors. Sometimes they were relatively honest and capable men like his father; sometimes they were corrupted and bigoted, like the Saltykov relatives of his mother. He was married twice. He was married off to Princess Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova in 1624, but she became ill, and died in early 1625, only four months after the marriage. In 1626, he married Eudoxia Streshneva (1608–1645), who bore him 10 children, of whom four reached adulthood: the future Tsar Alexis and the Tsarevnas Irina, Anna, and Tatiana. Michael's failure to wed his elder daughter Irina with Count Valdemar Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, a morganatic son of King Christian IV of Denmark, in consequence of the refusal of the latter to accept Orthodoxy, so deeply afflicted him as to contribute to bringing about his death on 23 July 1645.
Michael's governments
The two government offices (prikazes) that were most important politically were Posolsky Prikaz ("Foreign Office") and Razryadny Prikaz (a Duma chancellery and a personnel department for both central and provincial administration including military command). Those offices could be pivotal in struggles between Boyar factions, so they were traditionally headed not by Boyars but by dyak (professional clerks).
The first head of the Posolsky Prikaz under Michael was Pyotr Tretyakov until his death in 1618; he conducted policy of allying with Sweden against Poland. The next one, Ivan Gramotin had a reputation of a Poloniphile; this appointment was necessary to bring forth Filaret's release from captivity. In the mid-1620s Filaret began preparations for war with Poland; Gramotin fell in his disfavour and was fired and exiled in 1626. The same fate was shared by Efim Telepnev in 1630 and Fedor Likhachov in 1631 – they too tried to soothe Filaret's belligerent approach. Ivan Gryazev, appointed in 1632, was promoted from second ranks of bureaucracy to fulfill Filaret's orders. After the deaths of Filaret and Gryazev the post was once again assumed by Gramotin in 1634, and after the his retirement in 1635, by Likhachov, with a general course of pacification.
The Razryadny Prikaz was first headed by Sydavny Vasilyev; Filaret replaced him by his fellow in captivity Tomilo Lugovskoy, but the latter somehow caused Filaret's anger and was exiled. In 1623 Fedor Likhachov was made head of Prikaz till his shift to Posolsky Prikaz, and in 1630 Razryad was given to Ivan Gavrenev, an outstanding administrator who took up this post for 30 years.
Three other strategic offices were Streletsky Prikaz (in charge of streltsy regiments who served as Moscow garrison), Treasury (Prikaz bolshoy kazny), and Aptekarsky Prikaz ("Pharmacy office", in fact ministry of health, most particularly the tsar's health). After Filaret's arrival their former heads were sent away from Moscow, and all three given to Ivan Cherkassky (Filaret's nephew), who proved to be an able and competent administrator and was a de facto prime minister till his death in 1642. Fedor Sheremetev who had succeeded to all Cherkassky's posts was a rather weak figure; the real power was in the hands of a court marshal, Alexey Lvov.
From his marriage to Eudoxia Streshneva, Michael fathered 10 children:
- Tsarevna Irina 22 April 1627 - 8 February 1679
- Tsarevna Pelagia 20 April 1628 - 25 January 1629
- Alexei I of Russia 9 May 1629 - 29 January 1676
- Tsarevna Anna 14 July 1630 - 28 October 1692
- Tsarevna Marfa 29 August 1631 - 21 September 1632
- Tsarevich Ivan 1 June 1633 - 10 January 1639
- Tsarevna Sophia 14 September 1634 - 23 April 1636
- Tsarevna Tatiana 5 January 1636 - 23 August 1706
- Tsarevna Eudoxia 10 February 1637 - 10 February 1637
- Tsarevich Vasili 14 March 1639 - 25 March 1639