Russia 5 Rubles banknote 1884 Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy
Russia State Credit Note
Obverse: On the left side of the banknote are imperial regalia: Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, 1857 - Imperial Double-Headed Eagle and Imperial Crown of Russia above crossed sword and Imperial sceptre above monogram of Czar Alexander III of Russia and the Badge of the Imperial Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called. On the right side depicted Guilloche rosette with the face value "5", against the background of the Roman numeral "V".
On the obverse is the text: «Государственный кредитный билет. По предъявлении выдается из разменной кассы Государственного Банка ПЯТЬ РУБЛЕЙ серебряною или золотою монетою». (State Credit Note. Payable to the bearer of this Note from the currency exchange offices of the State Bank the FIVE RUBLES in silver or gold coins).
Signatures of the Governor of State Bank - Aleksey Vasilievich Tsimsen and one of the cashiers.
Reverse: Portrait of Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy (Saint Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, Dmitry of the Don or Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, Grand Prince of Vladimir and Moscow) at center, two small guilloche rosettes with the face value "5" at left and right and date of issue at upper center.
Text: "Extract from the Highest Manifesto of 1 June 1843, relating to the issue of state credit notes".
Watermark: At the upper corners face value in roman "V" and arabic numerals "5", in the lower corners the face value in words "ПЯТЬ" and "РУБ" (FIVE RUBLES), abbreviation «Г. К. Б.» (Государственный Кредитный Билет - State Credit Note) on the top, the date of issue at lower center.
Date of issue: 15 May 1869, according to the decree of 13 May 1868 (№ 45835).
Withdrawn from circulation: This notes was exchanged for the new banknotes of 1887 issue, according to the decree of May 25, 1888 (No. 5229), from 1 January 1890 to 1 January 1893.
Not Payable from 1 May 1894.
Printer: Expedition for the Preparation of Government Papers [EZGB] – at present Goznak.
Size: 164 × 93 mm.
Russian Banknotes - Russia paper money
Portrait Series - 1866-1894 issue
1 Ruble 1882 1 Ruble 1886 3 Rubles 5 Rubles 10 Rubles
Dmitry Donskoy
Saint Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy (Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Донско́й,also known as Dimitrii or Demetrius), or Dmitry of the Don, sometimes referred to simply as Dmitry (12 October 1350 in Moscow – 19 May 1389 in Moscow), son of Ivan II the Fair of Moscow (1326–1359), reigned as the Prince of Moscow from 1359 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1363 to his death. He was the first prince of Moscow to openly challenge Mongol authority in Russia. His nickname, Donskoy (i.e., "of the Don"), alludes to his great victory against the Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380), which took place on the Don River. He is venerated as a Saint in the Orthodox Church with his feast day on 19 May.
Early reign
Dmitry ascended the throne of the Principality of Moscow at the age of 9. During his minority, Russia's Metropolitan Aleksey ran the government. In 1360 Khizr-khan, Khan of the Golden Horde, transferred the title most prized among Russian princes, that of Grand Prince of Vladimir, to Dmitry Konstantinovich of Nizhniy Novgorod. In 1363, after that prince was deposed, Dmitry Ivanovich was crowned at Vladimir. Three years later, he made peace with Dmitry Konstantinovich and married his daughter Eudoxia. In 1376 their joint armies ravaged Volga Bulgaria.
The most important event during Dmitry's early reign was to start building the Moscow Kremlin; it was completed in 1367. Thanks to the new fortress, the city withstood two sieges by Algirdas of Lithuania during the Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372). The war ended with the Treaty of Lyubutsk. In 1375, Dmitry settled, in his own favor, a conflict with Mikhail II of Tver over Vladimir. Other princes of Northern Russia acknowledged his authority and contributed troops to the impending struggle against the Horde. By the end of his reign, Dmitry had more than doubled the territory of the Principality of Moscow.
Struggle against Mamai
Mongol domination of parts of what is now Russia began to crumble during Dmitry's thirty-year reign. The Golden Horde was severely weakened by civil war and dynastic rivalries. Dmitry took advantage of this lapse in Mongol authority to openly challenge the Tatars.
While he kept the Khan's patent to collect taxes for all of Russia, Dmitry is also famous for leading the first Russian military victory over the Mongols. Mamai, a Mongol general and claimant to the throne, tried to punish Dmitry for attempting to increase his power. In 1378 Mamai sent a Mongol army, but it was defeated by Dmitry's forces in the Battle of Vozha River. Two years later Mamai personally led a large force against Moscow. Dmitry met and defeated it at the Battle of Kulikovo.
The defeated Mamai was presently dethroned by a rival Mongol general, Tokhtamysh. That khan reasserted Mongol rule over parts of what now is Russia and overran Moscow for Dmitry's resistance to Mamai. Dimitry, however, pledged his loyalty to Tokhtamysh and to the Golden Horde and was reinstated as Mongol principal tax collector and Grand Duke of Vladimir. Upon his death in 1389, Dimitry was the first Grand Duke to bequeath his titles to his son Vasiliy without consulting the Khan.
Marriage and children
He was married to Eudoxia of Nizhniy Novgorod. She was a daughter of Dmitry of Suzdal and Vasilisa of Rostov. They had at least twelve children:
- Daniil Dmitriyevich (c. 1370 – 15 September 1379).
- Vasiliy I of Moscow (30 September 1371 – 27 February 1425).
- Sofia Dmitriyevna. Married Fyodor Olegovich, Prince of Ryazan (reigned 1402–1427).
- Yuriy Dmitriyevich, Duke of Zvenigorod and Galich (26 November 1374 – 5 June 1434). Claimed the throne of Moscow against his nephew Vasiliy II of Moscow.
- Maria Dmitriyevna (d. 15 May 1399). Married Lengvenis.
- Anastasia Dmitriyevna. Married Ivan Vsevolodovich, Prince of Kholm.
- Simeon Dmitrievich (d. 11 September 1379).
- Ivan Dmitriyevich (d. 1393).
- Andrey Dmitriyevich, Prince of Mozhaysk (14 August 1382 – 9 July 1432).
- Pyotr Dmitriyevich, Prince of Dmitrov (29 July 1385 – 10 August 1428).
- Anna Dmitriyevna (born 8 January 1387). Married Yury Patrikiyevich. Her husband was a son of Patrikas, Prince of Starodub and his wife Helena. His paternal grandfather was Narimantas. The marriage solidified his role as a Boyar attached to Moscow.
- Konstantin Dmitriyevich, Prince of Pskov (14 May/15 May 1389 – 1433).
The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called
The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (Russian: Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного) is the highest order of the Russian Federation. Established as the first and highest order of chivalry of the Russian Empire in 1698, it was abolished under the USSR before being re-established as the top Russian order in 1998.
Origins
The Order was established in 1698 by Tsar Peter the Great, in honour of Saint Andrew, the first apostle of Jesus and patron saint of Russia. It was bestowed in a single class and was only awarded for the most outstanding civilian or military merit.
Peter learned of the practice of bestowing awards from his travels in the West during the Great Embassy. In the past, service to the Russian state was rewarded with money or large estates. He witnessed first hand the awards ceremonies for England's Order of the Garter and Austria's Order of the Golden Fleece and noticed the loyalty and pride of the awardees. It also saved the state land and money.
Count Fyodor Golovin was the first recipient of the order. Until its abolition following the Russian Revolution of 1917, just over one thousand awards had been made. During the monarchy, recipients of the Order of St. Andrew also automatically received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the White Eagle, the Order of St. Anne first class, and the Order St. Stanislaus first class. Moreover, recipients of lower ranks were automatically promoted to the rank of lieutenant general or vice admiral. The Order of Saint Andrew continued to be awarded by the Russian Imperial House in exile. The first post revolutionary presentation was to HH Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia on attaining his dynastic majority in April 1923.
Insignia
The insignia of the order consisted of:
- Badge: an enameled crowned black double-headed eagle bearing a blue St. Andrew's Cross (saltire) with St. Andrew crucified upon it; on the arms of the saltire were the Latin letters 'SAPR' ('St. Andrew, Patron of Russia'). It was worn on a pale blue sash over the right shoulder, or on special occasions on an elaborate 'collar' (chain).
- Star: eight-pointed silver star bearing a miniature of the badge on a golden background at the center, surrounded by the motto "For Faith and Loyalty" (Russian: Za Veru i Vernost) on a blue ring. It was worn on the left chest.
The insignia of the order could be awarded "with diamonds" as a special distinction. Saint Andrew's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg was the chapter church of this order of chivalry.
Recipient of Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called uses the post-nominal letters "KA". When an individual is entitled to use multiple post-nominal letters, those of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called appear before all others, except for the International Orders of the equal status to the Order of St. Andrew, that was created before 1698 (creation date of the order Imperial Order of St. Andrew). For example, if one is awarded Order of the Garter, in that case, post-nominals of "KG" (Order of the Garter) used before "KA" (Order of St. Andrew) because the Order of the Garter has been created in 1348.